MLS
This class includes the macrolides, lincosamides, and streptrogramin A and B (MLS) drugs. Macrolides contain a lactone ring with 12 or more components and are used at antibiotics, immunomodulators, and antifungals; their mechanism of action as antibiotics is still unclear, though they are known to bind to the large ribosomal subunit. Lincosamides do not have a lactone ring, but are related to macrolides. Streptogramin A antibiotics are macrolactones and streptogramin B antibiotics are cyclic hexapeptides. Both inhibit bacterial protein synthesis via action on the ribosome.
References
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901655/,http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/34/4/482.full,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10798011
Mechanisms
- 23S rRNA methyltransferases
- Lincosamide nucleotidyltransferases
- Macrolide esterases
- Macrolide glycosyltransferases
- Macrolide phosphotransferases
- Macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA mutation
- MLS resistance ABC efflux pumps
- MLS resistance MFS efflux pumps
- Streptogramin A O-acetyltransferase
- Streptogramin B ester bond cleavage